The Civil Liability of the State in Cases of Public Rights Violations within the Framework of Jurisprudential Rules
Keywords:
public rights, civil liability of the state, Citizenship Rights, judicial rulings, constitutional principlesAbstract
Public rights refer to a collection of rights and public interests that are generally recognized by the state or public institutions for the purpose of safeguarding and maintaining the interests of society and its citizens. These rights reflect, in a sense, the collective demands and needs of the people and encompass a variety of domains, including social rights, economic rights, political rights, environmental rights, and cultural rights. The purpose of this research, which was conducted using a descriptive-analytical method, is to explore the jurisprudential and legal foundations of the civil liability of the state in cases of encroachments on public rights, within the framework of Islamic jurisprudential rules. The findings of the study indicate that, from a jurisprudential perspective, the rule of no harm (lā ḍarar), which is grounded in a Prophetic tradition and Article 40 of the Constitution, prohibits causing harm to citizens in any form. The state, as the ruling authority, is subject to this rule, and in accordance with Article 171 of the Constitution, is responsible for compensating damages in cases of judicial error or administrative misinterpretation. This study demonstrates that the Iranian legal system, by integrating jurisprudential principles and the foundations of public law, has established a relatively comprehensive framework for the protection of public rights and for the compensation of damages resulting from state transgressions. Nevertheless, the need for the enhancement of executive and supervisory mechanisms is still strongly felt.
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