Comparative Analysis of Criminal Policy in Iran and the United Kingdom in Preventing Violations of Citizens' Rights During the Crime Detection and Preliminary Investigation Stages
Keywords:
Iranian criminal policy, British criminal policy, violation of civil rights, guarantee of execution, crime detection and preliminary investigationsAbstract
Preventing the violation of citizens’ rights during the stages of crime detection and preliminary investigation constitutes one of the most sensitive domains of contemporary criminal policy. Research indicates that neglecting to uphold the safeguards of individuals’ fundamental rights in these stages results in the erosion of the legitimacy of the criminal justice system, exacerbation of human rights violations, and a decline in public trust in the judiciary. This study conducts a comparative examination of the criminal policy mechanisms in Iran and the United Kingdom, with an emphasis on preventive factors. The article is structured with the objective of explaining structural and operational challenges and proposing effective strategies to enhance the enforceability of citizens' rights at the stages of crime detection and preliminary investigation. The innovation of this study lies in its comprehensive comparative analysis and identification of the strengths and weaknesses of each system in the area of prevention. The research methodology is based on documentary-comparative analysis, including the study of constitutional and ordinary laws, judicial precedents, and international instruments. The comparative findings reveal that although both systems have sought to prevent violations of citizens’ rights through legislative frameworks, supervisory measures, and training, the efficiency of enforcement mechanisms, the independence of oversight, and the prevailing legal culture are critical factors in the success of such policies. Emphasizing the preventive dimension and reforming the supervisory and protective structures pave the way for the improved realization of criminal justice and the advancement of human rights.
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