The Criminological Approach in the Transformation of Iran’s Criminal Justice System
Keywords:
Criminology, Prevention, Criminal System, IranAbstract
Criminology, as a legal approach, has played a fundamental role in the evolution of Iran’s criminal policy and has significantly influenced the development and expansion of security and rehabilitative measures. Based on this premise, criminology has had both substantive and procedural impacts on the transformation of the criminal justice system and is regarded as a foundation for criminal sanctions. This approach reflects the prominent role of criminology in criminal policy—including legislative, judicial, and participatory dimensions—and aligns with criminological theories and the doctrines of criminal law schools. Furthermore, the practical manifestations of criminology within Iran’s criminal justice system are evident in the drafting of the Islamic Penal Code and are primarily observable in principles related to the individualization and personalization of punishments and their methods of execution. However, it must be acknowledged that the perspective on criminology is contingent upon two domains—specialized and general—and its effectiveness varies according to temporal and spatial conditions. This indicates that the functions of criminology are reflective of the environmental circumstances and values within which it is defined and operationalized. In any case, due to the interconnection between criminology and criminal law, mechanisms have been developed to institutionalize criminal justice in accordance with the realities of crime and the conditions of offenders within Iran’s penal system.
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