A Comparative Analysis of Retirement Rights Based on the Theories of Otto von Bismarck and Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (AS)

Abstract

This article presents a comparative analysis of the theories of Otto von Bismarck and Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (AS) on retirement rights. Otto von Bismarck, the founder of the modern pension system in Germany, emphasized mandatory and participatory social security principles aimed at providing sustainable and broad financial support for elderly workers. In contrast, Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (AS) focused on social justice and support for the needy, with financial resources provided through zakat and alms. The article begins by examining the lives and activities of these two prominent figures and then analyzes the principles and foundations of their theories on retirement rights. The cultural and social impacts of these theories are also explored. Additionally, considering the conditions and requirements of contemporary societies, the feasibility of integrating these two theories to create more efficient and equitable pension systems is discussed. Finally, recommendations for improving pension systems are provided, incorporating the principles of both Bismarck and Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (AS) to achieve sustainable funding, social justice, and support for the needy.