Analysis of U.S. Soft Law Against Iran and Its Legal and International Implications

Abstract

Soft law, as a collection of principles, recommendations, and standards not subject to the binding force of mandatory law, has been able to play a key role in international interactions. With respect to U.S. sanctions against Iran, soft law can be employed as an instrument to influence the behavior of states and international organizations. The international legal system, by clarifying principles related to sovereignty and ethical norms, can assist targeted countries under sanctions in defending their rights. Moreover, the consequences of such sanctions in the economic, political, and social spheres are noteworthy and subject to analysis. Soft law can function both as non-binding guidance and as a source of inspiration for binding legal norms and behaviors in international legal systems. Specifically, the effects of U.S. sanctions against Iran demonstrate that such sanctions may not only impose negative consequences on Iran’s economic and social conditions but also lead to the political and diplomatic isolation of the country. The application of soft law in the context of international sanctions, particularly those imposed by the United States, creates both challenges and opportunities for states. The findings of this research clearly indicate that the study and understanding of soft law within the field of international law can provide substantial assistance in developing both counteractive and constructive approaches toward sanctions.