The Impact of the Theories of John Maynard Keynes and Ali Shariati on Economic Development in Islamic and Non-Islamic Countries

Abstract

This article conducts a comparative analysis of the theories of John Maynard Keynes and Ali Shariati and their impacts on economic development in Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Keynes, as the founder of modern macroeconomics, emphasized the role of government in the economy and the importance of effective demand, playing a significant role in managing economic crises in non-Islamic countries such as the United States, Japan, and Germany. On the other hand, Shariati, focusing on social and economic justice and the role of religion in development, provided a native and Islamic model for economic development, which has been considered in Islamic countries such as Iran, Turkey, and Malaysia. This article examines case studies of these countries, providing a comparative analysis of the outcomes and implications of implementing the theories of Keynes and Shariati under different conditions. It demonstrates that each of these theories can be effectively used as tools for economic and social development. Finally, suggestions for future research are offered, focusing on further comparative analysis, examining successful and unsuccessful experiences, and analyzing the role of local culture and values in implementing economic policies.