Comparative Analysis of Social Security Laws with Reference to the Theories of John Maynard Keynes and Imam Ali (AS)

Abstract

This article provides a comparative analysis of social security laws with reference to the theories of John Maynard Keynes and Imam Ali (AS). The objective of this research is to offer a robust theoretical framework for the formulation and revision of social security laws, considering the economic and social perspectives of these two prominent figures. The first part examines the lives and works of Keynes and Imam Ali (AS) and analyzes their theoretical principles. Findings indicate that both theorists emphasized the active role of the state in the economy and the importance of equitable wealth distribution. Keynes focused on fiscal and monetary policies as tools to stimulate aggregate demand and create employment, while Imam Ali (AS) stressed social justice and the protection of the rights of the poor, both highlighting the significance of public welfare and the reduction of social inequalities. The second part conducts a comparative analysis of Iran's social security laws based on the views of Keynes and Imam Ali (AS). Finally, recommendations are made to improve the social security system, including strengthening financial resources, expanding insurance coverage, enhancing service quality, increasing transparency and oversight, promoting public education, and fostering cultural awareness. This research can serve as a basis for future studies and legal reforms in the field of social security.