فقدان قابلیت دریانوردی کشتی در قراردادهای حمل کالا و اجاره کشتی

فاضل  حمیدی; جمشید نورشرق; کوورش  جعفر پور

Authors

Fazel Hamidi Department of Law, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2202-8608
Jamshid Noorshargh Department of Law, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6028-3845
Kourosh Jafarpour Department of Law, ST.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1673-6502

Keywords:

Seaworthiness, lack of seaworthiness, shipowner's liability, charterparty, international conventions, maritime sanctions

Abstract

Seaworthiness is one of the fundamental concepts of maritime law and plays a decisive role in contracts for the carriage of goods, charterparties, and marine insurance. The absence of seaworthiness may have extensive legal consequences, including contractual and civil liability, loss of entitlement to exemptions from liability, termination of the contract, and difficulties in risk allocation. Employing a descriptive-analytical method and a library-based approach, this study examines the concept of seaworthiness under English law, international conventions, and Iranian law. The findings demonstrate that seaworthiness is not merely a physical concept but also encompasses technical, operational, managerial, and documentary dimensions. Iranian law faces serious deficiencies in defining this concept and delineating the respective liabilities of the parties, while the Iranian Maritime Law of 1964 is no longer responsive to contemporary realities. This study emphasizes the necessity of structurally reforming Iran’s maritime legal system by drawing upon the Rotterdam Rules of 2009 and taking account of regional geopolitical crises, particularly those affecting the Strait of Hormuz.

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