تحلیل تطبیقی مسئولیت مدنی ناشی از نقض پیش از موعد قرارداد

حسین  رضی کلایه; سید امیرحسام موسوی; سیدمحمدهادی  ساعی; حبیب‏ اله  رمضانی آکردی

doi:10.61838/jecjl.699

Authors

Hossein Razi Kalaye PhD student, Department of Private Law, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3122-6438
Seyyed Amir Hesam Mousavi Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4882-0149
Seyyed Mohammad Hadi Saei Associate Professor, Department of Private Law, Imam Khomeini International University (RA), Qazvin, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0329-8629
Habibollah Ramezani Akerdi Assistant Professor, Department of Private Law, Imam Khomeini International University (RA), Qazvin, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-3876

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61838/jecjl.699

Keywords:

Contractual obligations, breach of contract, premature breach, civil liability, comparative law

Abstract

Anticipatory breach of contract refers to a situation in which one of the parties, before the time stipulated for performance of the obligation has arrived, expressly or impliedly declares an intention not to perform the obligation or acts in such a manner that its future performance appears impossible or unlikely. Under such circumstances, the other party may be compelled to adopt remedial measures to prevent the occurrence or aggravation of loss, thereby giving rise to civil liability. This issue is significant because, in cases of anticipatory breach, the obligation remains temporally capable of performance, while serious indications exist that it will not be performed in the future. The findings of the study demonstrate that various legal systems and major transnational legal instruments, through recognition of the doctrine of “anticipatory breach of contract,” have established mechanisms to protect the obligee and prevent the aggravation of losses. In Iranian law, despite the possibility of relying on the general rules of contract law and civil liability, the absence of explicit statutory provisions and a consistent body of judicial precedent has created ambiguity regarding the recognition and legal consequences of civil liability arising from this form of breach. Employing a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach, this study examines the possibility and scope of recognizing civil liability arising from anticipatory breach of contract in Iranian law, selected legal systems, and transnational legal instruments, with particular emphasis on the principles of full compensation, the prohibition against causing harm to others, and good faith.

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