اصل حسن‌نیت و نقش‌آفرینی آن در تضمین دادرسی منصفانه؛با تأکید بر فقه امامیه و آموزه‌های اسلامی

زهرا  شیرازی فردویی; سید دُرَید موسوی مجاب; شهرداد  دارابی

Authors

Zahra Shirazi Fordoei Ph.D. Student, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Qo.C., Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5615-0123
Seyed Doraid Mousavi Mojab Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3906-5744
Shahrdad Darabi Associate Professor, Department of Criminal Law and Criminology, Qo.C., Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4439-8308

Keywords:

principle of good faith, fair trial, rights of the accused, procedural justice, Imami jurisprudence

Abstract

The principle of good faith, as one of the fundamental principles recognized across various legal systems, plays a foundational role in ensuring justice, fairness, and the effective functioning of judicial proceedings and has been expressly or implicitly recognized in the laws of numerous countries. Nevertheless, despite its central position in advanced legal systems, it has largely been neglected in Iranian criminal law scholarship, and no independent statutory status has been accorded to it within criminal procedure. Employing a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach, this study seeks to address the principal question of what functions and legal effects the principle of good faith has in criminal proceedings from the perspective of Imami jurisprudence and Islamic teachings, and whether it possesses the capacity for explicit codification within the Iranian legal system. The main hypothesis of the study is that the teachings of Imami jurisprudence not only provide a solid foundation for recognizing the principle of good faith in criminal proceedings but also, in terms of comprehensiveness and depth, offer a richer body of doctrine than Western and Arab approaches in this field. The findings indicate that the principle of good faith, through its interaction with the presumption of innocence, judicial impartiality and independence, the equitable balancing of the rights of the parties to proceedings, and human dignity, forms a coherent network of guarantees for a fair trial. Given that the enactment, interpretation, and application of the provisions of criminal procedure law within the Iranian legal system should increasingly be grounded in an integration of Imami jurisprudential principles, religious teachings, and human rights principles centered on the right to a fair trial, research in this area, with particular emphasis on re-examining the position of the principle of good faith, appears necessary. Accordingly, a closer examination of detailed jurisprudential evidence and Islamic texts reveals profound sources and substantive discussions concerning the principle of good faith. Therefore, not only is the legislature’s failure to adequately address this principle unacceptable, but the underdevelopment of Iranian criminal law scholarship in comparison with that of many other countries regarding this issue is also unjustifiable. Consequently, disregard for this principle in judicial practice may result in ideological bias on the part of judicial authorities, the issuance of disproportionate preventive measures, the imposition of a reversed burden of proof, and ultimately the deviation of judicial proceedings from the path of justice.

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