نظریه مشروعیت مداخله دولت در قراردادهای خصوصی با تأکید بر مبانی فقهی و حقوقی قانون الزام
کلمات کلیدی:
مداخله دولت, مشروعیت, آزادی قراردادی, ثبت رسمی معاملاتچکیده
مداخله دولت در قراردادهای خصوصی از مهمترین چالشهای نظری در تعارض میان آزادی اراده فردی و اقتدار عمومی دولت است. با تحول مناسبات اقتصادی و افزایش نابرابریها، ضرورت یافتن مبنای مشروع برای این مداخله برجسته شد. در این میان، قانون الزام به ثبت رسمی معاملات غیرمنقول (مصوب ۱۴۰۳) نمادی از مداخله مشروع دولت در روابط خصوصی است که در ظاهر آزادی قراردادی را محدود میسازد، اما در واقع با تضمین شفافیت، امنیت حقوقی و عدالت معاملاتی، تحقق واقعی آن را ممکن میکند. این مداخله، بر پایه مبانی فقهی همچون قاعده «لاضرر» و «نفی سبیل» و اصول حقوقی نظیر ماده ۱۰ قانون مدنی و قاعده «اوفوا بالعقود»، از مشروعیت تام برخوردار است. پژوهش حاضر با روش توصیفی–تحلیلی، نشان میدهد که قانون الزام، نه تحدید اراده، بلکه ابزار نهادینهسازی آزادی قراردادی در بستر نظم عمومی و مصالح اجتماعی است.
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حق نشر 2025 مصطفی سرخیل (نویسنده); حجت اله ابراهیمیان; محمد علی کفایی فر (نویسنده)

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