بررسی مبانی و ضرورت های جرم انگاری انتقال خاک و چالش های حقوقی آن

محمد  صادقپور; محمدرضا رحمت; روح الله  بخت جو

Authors

Mohammad Sadeghpour PhD student in Criminal Justice and Criminology, Law Department, Ya. C. Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran Author https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8630-2314
Mohammad Reza Rahmat Associate Professor Department of Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Meybod University, Meybod, Iran https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5356-0894
Ruhollah Bakhtjoo Department of Law, Taft. C. Islamic Azad University, Taft, Iran. Author https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2670-6274

Keywords:

Basics of criminalization of land transfer, legal requirements, criminal policy, legal challenges

Abstract

This article examines the foundations and necessities of criminalizing soil transfer and the associated legal challenges. Due to their strategic and vital role in countries’ sustainable development, soil resources have become a key component of national economies and national security. This issue requires special attention from legislators with respect to criminalization and the imposition of proportionate penalties within the framework of a comprehensive criminal policy. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the present study examines the legislative foundations and necessities as well as the penalization of soil-transfer offenses and analyzes the existing legislative, executive, and judicial challenges. Iran’s criminal policy toward soil-transfer offenses requires an integrated approach combining legislative, participatory, judicial, and differential measures. In this regard, it emphasizes legislation for soil protection, the utilization of the capacities of civil society institutions and public participation, and a preventive approach by the judiciary in cooperation with other institutions. The findings indicate that the legislative framework governing soil transfer, from the perspective of Iran’s legislative criminal policy for combating soil-transfer offenses, requires rigorous and stringent legislation, effective penalization, the use of specialized judges, an efficient prevention system, and interinstitutional cooperation consistent with Iran’s criminal justice system. The adoption of a comprehensive authoritative criminal policy in the field of soil transfer is necessary, with particular emphasis on enacting explicit laws, imposing decisive penalties, and establishing specialized security institutions for soil protection. The results further indicate that the precise formulation of the foundations and necessities of legislation governing soil transfer can serve as a guideline for policymakers and justice administrators and, through reforms in the criminal justice system, enhance both the effectiveness of responses to soil-transfer offenses and their prevention.

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