مسئولیت كیفرى ناشئ از جرائم ارتكابى به وسیله ربات‌ها

Al-Asyouti, M. A. (2020). Crimes committed by robotic machines. Journal of Police and Legal Sciences, 12(1). https://www.jpsa.ac.ae/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=journa

Al-Haddad, M. W. (2024). Challenges in enforcing criminal responsibility regarding actions of AI-equipped robots. Tayba Journal for Academic Scientific Studies, 7(1), 1150-1178. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/downArticle/620/7/1/247207

Al-Halahlah, A. K. F. (2025). Artificial intelligence and crime: Legal frameworks of criminal liability in the digital era.

Al-Jamili, O. H. J. (2025). Criminal Liability Arising from Artificial Intelligence Errors. Dar Misr for Printing and Publishing.

Al-Jawhari, S. (2019). Law and Artificial Intelligence: A Comparative Study. Al-Halabi Legal Publications.

Al-Maghribi, T. (2023). Criminal protection against errors of AI technologies (Case study: Surgical robots). Journal of Jurisprudential and Legal Research, 35(43), 575-676. https://jlr.journals.ekb.eg/article_323142.html

Al-Muaibid, O. I. (2024). Criminal liability arising from the use of AI technologies in the Saudi legal system: An analytical-comparative study. Arab Journal of Security Studies, 40(2), 143-157. https://doi.org/10.26735/MKQW3049

Al-Saeed, M. J. (2016). Introduction to the Study of Law. Al-Najah Al-Jadidah Press.

Al-Sandīd, B. A. (2024). Legal and judicial handling of crimes committed by robots and intelligent systems. Al-Jarida Newspaper (Kuwait). https://www.aljarida.com/article/78578

Al-Zuwi, M. O. (2024). Criminal confrontation of crimes committed by robotic machines in Libyan and Emirati laws. Journal of Police and Legal Sciences, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.69672/3007-3529.1029

Al Arabiya. (2025). How AI is used in fraud and video forgery. Al Arabiya Network. https://www.alarabiya.net/science/2025/02/22/

Ameish, R. A. (2021). Criminal liability for artificial intelligence crimes. Journal of Legal and Economic Research (Mansoura), 11(1), 763-820. https://doi.org/10.21608/MJLE.2022.217205

Arab Democratic Center. (2025). Conference on the legal challenges of IT in the age of AI and digital transformation. https://democraticac.de/?p=104272

Avila Negri, S. M. C. (2021). Robot as legal person: Electronic personhood in robotics and artificial intelligence. Frontiers in Robotics and Ai, 8, Article 789327. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.789327

Chudleigh, S. (2024). The best financial chatbots and how to use them. Botpress Blog. https://botpress.com/ar/blog/top-chatbots-financial-services

Darwish, E. M. (2025). Criminal liability in criminal law. Qarar Journal for Scientific Research, 5(15), 414-442. https://doi.org/10.70758/elqarar/5.15.17

Ellamey, Y., & Elwakad, A. (2023). The criminal responsibility of artificial intelligence systems: A prospective analytical study. Corporate Law & Governance Review, 5(1), 92-112. https://doi.org/10.22495/clgrv5i1p8

Guerra, A., Parisi, F., & Pi, D. (2022). Liability for robots II: An economic analysis. Journal of Institutional Economics, 18(4), 553-568. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137421000837

Maydanyk, R., Maidanyk, N., & Velykanova, M. (2021). Liability for damage caused using artificial intelligence technologies. Journal of the National Academy of Legal Sciences of Ukraine, 28(2), 150-159. https://doi.org/10.37635/jnalsu.28(2).2021.150-159

Mohamed, W. (2021). Robot law. Namathjiyat. https://www.nmthgiat.com

Molfino, R., Cepolina, F. E., Cepolina, E., Cepolina, E. M., & Cepolina, S. (2024). Robots trends and megatrends: artificial intelligence and the society. Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application, 51(1), 117-124. https://doi.org/10.1108/IR-05-2023-0095

Rigotti, C. (2020). How to apply Asimov's first law to sex robots. Paladyn, Journal of Behavioral Robotics, 11(1), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.1515/pjbr-2020-0032

Shahin, A. A. (2023). The humanoid robot between the hammer of criminalization and the anvil of punishment: An analytical study. University of Al-Baath Journal, 45(8).

Valdez, M., & Cook, M. (2023). Humans, robots and artificial intelligences reconfiguring urban life in a crisis. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, 5, 1081821. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2023.1081821

Younes, Y. Z. K. (2024). Special features of criminal liability concerning artificial intelligence. Iraqi Journal, 68. https://iasj.rdd.edu.iq/journals/uploads/2025/05/03/c31dd10d02a6678fcd56bccb1e823948.pdf